Because of the traditional knowledge of developing countries, the world health organisation is now actively encouraging them to use the herbal remedies which they have been traditionally used for centuries ⁷. On a recent survey conducted by W.H.O. globally, around 20,000 medicinal plants are being profusely either in pharmaceutical Industry or in folk medicine system ⁸. The Majority of Alternative medicine user are now turning back towards the herbal medicine not so much because they feel dissatisfied with conventional medicine, but largely because they find these natural medicine more safe and effective ⁹. Modern allopathic medicine has developed many sophisticated and costly diagnostic methodologies, which is little difficult to afford by the middle and lower class family, and on the other hand these medicine can harm the heath of the patient than they cure the problem, by their toxic side effect and adverse effect¹⁰. The use of herbal or alternative system of medicine is increasing day by day because of its safety ¹¹. All culture has long folk medicine histories that include the use of plants. Egyptian, Indian and Chinese traditional system are considered as oldest system of medicine ¹².

Human body is a complex in nature, it is composed of several organs and each organ is equal in importance. If all are working in a proper rhythm, than the body will be healthy otherwise complication will be the result. Out of different important organ in body we can say that liver is one of the prime and valuable organs. Liver is one of the heaviest organ of the body, it comes after the skin. Liver weight is about 1500 gram in an average adult. Liver is inferior to the diaphragm and occupies most of the right. Hypochondriac and part of epigastric regions of the abdominal cavity ¹³. The main function of liver include protein synthesis, storage, metabolism of fat and carbohydrates, detoxification of drug and other toxin, excretion of bilirubin and metabolism of hormones ¹⁴. The basic functional unit of liver is the liver lobule which is a cylindrical in structure and several mm in length and 0.8 to 2mm in diameter. The human liver contains 50,000 to 100,000 individual lobules ¹⁵. Liver disease is any disturbance of liver function that causes illness. The liver is responsible for many critical functions within the body and should it become diseased or injured, the loss of those functions can cause significant damage to the body. Liver disease is also referred to as hepatic disease. Liver disease is a broad term that covers all the potential problems that may occur to cause the liver to fail to perform its designated functions. Usually, more than 75% or three quarters of liver tissue needs to be affected before decrease in function occurs. The liver is a main organ of the drug metabolism. Orally absorbed drug are often absorbed unchanged in the gastro intestine tract and transported directly to the liver via a portal circulation. In this manner the liver has opportunity to metabolize drug before they reach to the systemic circulation and therefore they reach their target organ ¹⁶.

Figure 1- site of drug metabolism

LIVER DISEASE

As liver is a complex organ it may sometimes fail to work properly due to any of the reason. The condition at which liver cannot work properly is known as a liver mal function and if the condition is more serious than it’s called as a liver damage. Liver damage can be classified according to its severity, as acute and chronic liver disease. Acute liver disease is usually a self-limiting episode of hepatocyte damage which in most cases resolves spontaneously without clinical sequence. However, in some case which remains unclear, acute liver frailer may develop. This is a rare condition in which there is a rapid deterioration in liver function with associated altered mention and the development of a coagulopathy. Acute liver failure is a grave condition with a significant morbidity.

Chronic liver disease occurs when permanent structural changes within the liver are present secondary to long standing cell damage, with the consequent loss of normal liver architecture. In many cases this progress to cirrhosis, where fibrous scars divide the liver cells into areas of regenerative tissues called nodules. Conventional wisdom is that this process is irreversible, but there is now an increasing body of work which suggests that this is not always the case. Trials with antiviral therapies for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis have demonstrated reversal of cirrhotic changes within the liver ¹⁴.

Figure 2- Biliary system of human

CAUSES OF LIVER DISEASE

There are several factors which cause disturbance in the work of normal liver and produce liver disease. Out of which few important are as follows-

Viral infections

Viruses commonly affect the liver, resulting in a transient and innocuous hepatitis. However, viruses which target the liver primarily described as hepatotropic viruses, and each of these can lead clinically significant hepatitis and in some case to the development of chronic viral hepatitis with viral persistence. Six human viruses have been identified, including hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D (HDV), E (HEV), and G (HGV) each type of viral hepatitis has a similar pathology, with the potential to cause acute inflammation of liver resulting in acute hepatitis¹⁴

Figure 3- structure of hepatitis B virus.

Alcohol

Alcohol is the single most significant cause of liver disease throughout the western world, accounting for between 40% and 80% of case of cirrhosis in different countries. In general deaths from alcoholic liver disease in each country correlate with the consumption of alcohol per head of population, although additional factors can influence these trends ¹⁷.

Immune disorder

Autoimmune disease can affect the hepatocyte or bile duct and is characterized by the presence of auto antibodies and raised immunoglobulins levels. Autoimmune hepatitis, primary Biliary cirrhosis, primary scerosing are the example of these.

Vascular abnormalities

The blood- chiari syndrome is a rare, heterogeneous and potentially fatal condition related to the obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow tract. Involvements of the portal venous system are a common sequel which adds to the gravity of the condition. The prevalence of underlying thrombophilias is markedly increased in patient with BCS.

Metabolic and genetic disorder

There are several inherited metabolic disorders that can affect the functioning of the liver; these are haemochromatosis, which is associated with increased and inappropriate absorption of dietary iron resulting in deposition within the liver. Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. The disorder leads to excessive absorption and deposition of dietary copper within the liver, brain, kidney and other tissues.

Biliary tract disease

Obstruction of the bile outflow from the liver can cause inflammation, scarring and eventual cirrhosis. The obstruction may be due to gallstone or tumor, or secondary to surgical damage to the common bile duct. In the developed countries primary malignant tumors of the liver and biliary tract are relatively rare. Secondary metastatic tumors are around 40 time’s common than primary malignancies ¹⁸.

Gilbert’s syndrome

Gilbert’s syndrome is characterized by persistent mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. It is the most frequently recognized in adolescents and young adults with an incidence of between 2% and 7% in the general population. Plasma bilirubin levels usually range between 2 and 80µmol/L, increasing during the periods of stress, sleep deprivation, prolonged fasting, and menstruation and intercurrent infections.

Adverse effect of drug on liver

Drugs can induce almost all forms of acute and chronic liver disease, with some drug producing more than one type of hepatic reaction. Although not a particular common form of adverse drug reaction, drug showed always be considered as a possible cause of liver disease ¹⁴.

Table 1- Example of drugs that elevate liver enzyme

S/n.	Drug	% of patients with increase in transaminase
1	Cefaclor	11
2	Cefixime	0.7
3	Ciprofloxacin	5
4	Chlorpromazine	50
5	Diclofenac	15
6	Efavirenz	4
7	Isoniazide	10-36
8	Naproxen	4
9	Norfloxacin	0.1
10	Niacin	50

Clinical manifestation of liver disease

Symptoms

In patients who have liver disease, weakness, increased fatigue and general malaise are common but non-specific symptoms occurring in up to 60% of individuals. Loss of appetites and weight loss are more commonly seen in chronic liver disease. Frequently there is loss of muscle bulk from the arm and legs. Abdominal discomfort is often described by patients with an enlarged liver or spleen but this is frequently caused by the distension with ascites. Abdominal pain is also common in hepatobiliary disease, frequently localized to the right uppar quardrant. This is often a feature of a rapid or gross enlargement of liver. Associated tenderness is a symptom of acute hepatitis, hepatic abscess or hepatic malignancy. Jaundice is the most striking sign of liver disease.

Sign of the liver disease

Many of the sign associated with chronic liver disease are related to the failure of the liver to carry out normal synthetic, metabolic and excretory functions. The common most signs are as follows-

Cutaneous signs

Hyper pigmentation is a common in chronic liver disease and results from increased deposition of melanin. It is particularly associated with primary Biliary cirrhosis and haemachromatosis, often referred to as bronze diabetic. Scratch marks on skin suggest pruits which is a common feature of a cholestatic liver disease.

Abdominal signs

Abdominal distension, notably of the flanks, is suggestive of ascites which can develop in both acute and chronic liver disease. Various other changes may be detectable on physiological examination of the abdomen. An enlarged liver is a common finding in acute liver disease. In chronic patients the liver may be large but alternatively it may be small and shrunken, reflecting end stage chronic disease ¹⁴.

Jaundice

Jaundice is the physical sign regarded as synonymous with liver disease and most easily detectable in the sclera. It reflects impaired liver cell function or it can be cholestatic in origin. Hepatocellular jaundice is commonly seen in acute liver disease, but may be absent in chronic liver disease until the terminal stage of cirrhosis is reached.

Portal hypertension

Increase hepatic resistance to portal flow due to cirrhosis causes portal hypertension. The increased pressure in the portal venous system Leeds to collateral vein formation and shunting of blood to the systemic circulation. Portal hypertension is an important contributory factor to the formation of ascites and the development of encephalopathydue to bypass of blood from the liver to systemic circulation ¹⁴.

Ascitese

Ascites is the accumulation of the fluid within the abdominal cavity. The precise mechanism by which Ascites develops in chronic liver disease is unclear.

Gynaecomastia

Endocrine changes are well documented in chronic liver disease and tend to be more common in alcoholic liver disease. Hypogonalism is common in patients with cirrhosis and in male results in testicular atrophy, female body hair distribution and gynaecomastia. This is thought in parts to be occurring because the cirrhotic liver cannot be metabolized estrogens, leading to feminization in males.

Herbal remedy for liver protection

Nature always stands as a golden mark to exemplify the outstanding phenomenon of symbiosis. The plants are indispensible to man for his life ¹⁹. Medicinal plants are to be continuing as an important therapeutic aid for alleviating the ailments of human kind. The search for eternal health and longevity for remedies to relive pain and discomfort drove early man to explore his immediate natural surroundings to the use of many plants, animal products and minerals for developments of verity of therapeutic agents ²⁰. A major contribution of medicinal plant to both traditional and modern healthcare system is their limitless position of large number of bioactive compound that produce definite physiological function in the body ^{21, 22}. There are several medicinal plants which are used to protect the liver against several diseases and alcohol induced liver damages. Due to the increase in the consumer awareness for the quantity, nutritional composition and heath promoting food, several plants are now grown ²³. The synthetic drug may be toxic in nature and cause liver damages so use of herbal drug will be more beneficial. Medicinal plants are believed to be more important source of new chemical substance with potential therapeutic effects ^{24, 25}. In India Ayurveda is oldest medicinal book which is continue from thousands of years ago and it has the solution of all the problems and illness, and has been used traditionally without any harmful effect and other contraindication ^{26, 27, 28}.

Plant having hepatoprotective activity

In nature there are several plants which show the potential activity for protection of liver and also possessing antioxidant properties. Out of which important plants are as follows.

Madhuca indica

The Madhuca indica is also known as a mahua in hindi, it is belong to the family Sapotaceae. The methanol extracts of Madhuca Indica bark is studied for hepatoprotective activity against albino rats with liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). It was found that the methanol extract of Madhuca Indica bark at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight exhibited moderate protective effect by lowering the serum levels of Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum bilirubin and Serum alkaline phosphate (SALP) to a significant extent. Present finding demonstrated the methanolic bark extract of Madhuca Indica could afford significant dose-dependent protection against CCl₄ induced hepato cellular injury ²⁹.

Cajanus cajan

Cajanus cajan is a botanical name of the arhar, commonly known in general hindi language, it is mostly consumed as a food material in India. It belongs to the family leguminosae. The effect of the hydrochloride aerial part extract of Cajanus cajan on CCl₄inducedliver damage in rats with reference to the changes in the level of the AST, ALT, and total protein. After assessment of the biochemical parameter from the blood collected from each animal from the groups, CCl₄treated animal showeda significant increase in the level of AST and ALT while decrease in the level total protein as compared to normal control group. Whereas blood sample analyzed from the animals treated with the hydrochloride aerial part extract of Cajanus cajan at the dose of 400mg/kg b.w. showed significant decrease in the level of serum marker enzyme and significant increase in the total protein to the near normal value^30.

Aegle marmelos

Aegle marmelos commonly known as a bael in India, it is having a great mythological value, all Hindu knows it very well, it has several medicinal value. Hepato protective activity is one of the important properties of Aegle marmelos. It is belonging to the family Rutaceae. It is used as herbal drug in the Indian System of medicine. The hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Aegle marmelos in alcohol-induced liver injury was evaluated rats using essential marker biochemical parameters. The results indicated that, the Bael leaves have excellent hepato-protective effect. Similar findings were also reported by other workers ^{31, 32, 33, 34}.

Amomum sublatum

Amomum sublatum is the second largest genus and comes under the family Zingiberaceae and known as a bade ilaichi in Hindi language. The 1, 8- ceineoil and alpha terpinol, protocatechualdehyde and protocatechuic acid present in the seed of Amomum sublatum showed antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. As it has been understood that the drug having the antioxidant activity is more possibility to have the hepatoprotective activity ³⁵.

Flacourtia indica

The extracts of the aerial parts of Flacourtia indica belonging to family Salicaceae were evaluated for hepato-protective properties. In paracetamol-induced hepatic necrosis in rat models, all extracts were found to reduce serum aspartate transaminase (AST), serum alanine transami-nase (ALT) and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The most significant reduction of the serum level of AST and ALT were exhibited by petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts at a single oral of dose of 1.5g/kg of body weight with a reduction of 29.0% AST and 24.0% ALT level by petroleum ether extract, and 10.57% AST and 6.7% ALT level by ethyl acetate extract compared to paracetamol (3 g/kg of body weight) treated animals. Histopathological examination also showed good re-covery of paracetamol-induced necrosis by petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts. On the other hand, the methanol extract did not show any remarkable effect on paracetamol-induced hepatic necrosis. The hepatoprotective effects exhibited by petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract might be mediated through the inhibition of microsomal drug metabolizing en-zymes. But, in this study the dose they have used is too high and it is not successful or rationale for human dose ³².

Epaltes divaricata

Epaltes divaricata (Family Compositae) is found inSri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Java and China. Epaltes is used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine to alleviatejaundice, urethral discharges and acute dyspepsia. Pre-treatment of mice with the plant extract of Epaltes (0.9g/kg) orally for 7 days significantly reduced serum levels of ALT (P<0.01), AST (P<0.01) and ALP (P<0.001) enzymes by 21.40, 47.36 and71.12 per cent respectively and significantly increased (P<0.001) the liver reduced glutathione level by42.32 per cent, 24 h after the administration of carbon tetrachloride. A marked improvement in theenzyme activities and the liver reduced glutathione level was observed in the Epaltes pre-treated mice. 4 days after the administration of carbon tetrachloride. Histopathological studies provided supportive evidence for the biochemical analysis ³⁶.

Anisochilus Carnosus

Anisochilus Carnosus commonly known as a Kapurli belongs to the family Lamiaceae.An ethanolic extract of stems of Anisochilus Carnosus (EEAC) was studied for hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced in Albino wistar rats of either sex by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 [CCl4 in olive oil 1:1].Ethanolic extract of Anisochilus Carnosus was administered to the experimental rats at two dose levels 200 and 400mg/kg body weight. The hepatoprotective effect of the extract was evaluated by the assay of liver function biochemical parameters like Serum Glutamate Pyruvate. Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Total Bilirubin and Total Protein. In ethanolic extract treated animals, the toxic effect of CCl4 was controlled significantly as compared to the normal and the standard drug silymarin treated group ³⁷.

Aervalanata

Aervalanata Linn belonging to family Amaranthaceae is an herbaceous perennial weed growing wild in the hot region of India. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Aerva lanata against paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. The hydroalcoholic extract of Aerva lanata (600mg/kg) was administered orally to the animals with hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol (3gm/kg). Silymarin (25mg/kg) was given as reference standard. All the test drugs were administered orally by suspending in 0.5% Carboxy methyl cellulose solution. The plant extract was effective in protecting the liver against the injury induced by paracetamol in rats. This was evident from significant reduction in serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin. It was concluded from the result that the hydroalcoholic extract of Aerva lanata possesses hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats ³⁸.

Aloe barbadensis

Aloe barbadensis commonly known as Ghee kanwar. It belonging to family Liliaceae have been used in variety of diseases in traditional Indian system of medicine in India and its use for hepatic ailments is also documented. In the present study an attempt has been made to validate its hepatoprotective activity. The shade dried aerial parts of Aloe barbadensis were extracted with petroleum ether (AB-1), chloroform (AB-2) and methanol (AB-3).The plant marc was extracted with distilled water (AB-4). All the extracts were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity on limited test models as hexobarbitone sleep time, zoxazolamine paralysis time and marker biochemical parameters. AB-1 and AB-2 were observed to be devoid of any hepatoprotective activity. Out of two active extracts (AB-3 and AB-4), the most active AB-4 was studied in detail. AB-4 showed significant hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity as evident by restoration of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and triglycerides. Hepatoprotective potential was confirmed by the restoration of lipid peroxidation, glutathione, glucose-6-phosphatase and microsomal aniline hydroxylase and amidopyrine N-demethylase towards near normal. Histopathology of the liver tissue further supports the biochemical findings confirming the hepatoprotective potential of AB-4 ³⁹.

Lepidium sativum

The role hepato-protective of methanolic extract of Lepidium sativum at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg was investigated in CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. Sig-nificant reduction in all biochemical parameters were found in groups treated with Lepidium sativum. The severe fatty changes in the livers of rats caused by CCl4 were insignificant in the Lepidium sativum treated groups ³².

Pittosporum neelgherrense

The stem bark of Pittosporum neelgherrense is used by the Kani and Malapandaram tribes of Kerala as an effective antidote to snake bite and for the treatment of various hepatic disorders. In the present study, the effect of the methanolic extract of the stem bark of Pittosporum neelgherrense was studied against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-, d-galactosamine (d-GalN)- and acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute hepatotoxicity inWistar rats. Significant hepatoprotective effects were obtained against liver damage induced by all the three liver toxins, as evident from decreased levels of serum enzymes, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and an almost normal architecture of the liver in the treated groups, compared to the toxin controls. Thus the present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of this plant in the management of liver diseases ⁴⁰.

Annona squamosa

The results obtained from the analysis of biochemical parameters and histopathological studies, enabled me to conclude that the extracts of Annona squamosa were not able to revert completely hepatic injury induced by INH + RIF, but it could limit the effect of INH + RIF to the extent of necrosis. As the two extracts EEAS and AEAS produced same effect it is concluded that there is no difference in the extract treatment. These results indicate that it is worth undertaking further studies on possible usefulness of the extracts of the leaves of Annona squamosa in hepatotoxicity ⁴¹.

Solanum nigrum

Solanum nigrum is used in hepatic disorders in folk medicines. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of S. nigrum on the liver functions in CCl4 induced injuries. Enzymatic activities that are .AST, ALT and ALP, microscopic appearance of liver was used as parameter and hepatocurative studies were performed. In case of hepatocurative study that is post treatment of rats with aqueous extracts of plant (500mg/ orally, two doses with 24 h interval) prevented (p < 0.001) CCl4 induced rise in activity of serum Transaminases (ALT and AST) and ALP and alcoholic extract did not prevent the rise of same enzymes compared to the sham control group in which liver was damaged by CCl₄ no treatment given. Histological examination of the liver of treated animals with aqueous extract of plant showed that fatty acids change was less in comparison to the sham control group. In treated group reduction in body weight was minimal and live enlargement was also less compared to the

Animals in sham control group. Treatment with aqueous extract of S. nigrum effectively attenuated the alteration within the parameter of present study and accredits the hepatocurative role of S. nigrum ⁴².

Gronema latifolium

The protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Gongronema latifolium (GLE) on carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) induced hepatic toxicity was studied. Liver enzymes studied included alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotraferase (AST), and alkaline phosphates (ALP). Hepatic injuries involved with possible necrosis which may have contributed to its possible pathogenesis was explored. Administration of toxicant only showed that the ALT level was significantly (P<0.05) increased to 345.83% when compared to control. Pretreatment with Gongronema latifolium extract (GLE) non-significantly (P<0.05) decreased to 13.08% when compared to those treated with toxicant only. Also under experimental conditions, increasing the concentration of Gongronema latifoluim extract (GLE) non-significantly (P<0.05) decreased dose-dependently the level of ALT to 18.20%.

The AST level was non-significantly (P<0.05) increased to 41.55% on treatment with toxicant only. Pretreatment with GLE decreased the AST level non-significantly (P<0.05) to 25.76%. No evident increase or decrease in the level of ALP was observed ⁴³.

Table 2- plants having hepatoprotective activity with parts and solvent system ^44,
45.

Name of Plant	Family	Part	Hepatotoxicty inducing agents	Solvent system
Madhuca indica	Sapotaceae	Bark	CCl₄	Ethanolic extract
Aegle marmelos	Rutaceae	Leaves	Alcohol	Ethanolic extract
Cajanus cajan	Leguminosae	Aerial part	CCl₄	Hydroalcoholic
Amomum sublatum	Zingiberaceae	Seeds	Alcohol	Ethanolic extract
Flacourtia indica	Salicaceae	Aerial parts	Paracetamol	petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts
Epaltes divaricata	Compositae	Leaves	CCl₄	Ethanolic extract
Anisochilus Carnosus	Lamiaceae	Stems	CCl₄	Ethanolic extract
Aervalanata	Amaranthaceae	Leaves	Paracetamol	Hydroalcoholic
Aloe barbadensis	Liliaceae	Leaves	CCl₄	petroleum ether
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Fabaceae	Root	CCl₄	Ethanolic
Phyllanthus niruri	Euphorbiaceae	Leaves, fruits	CCl₄	Aqueous
Cordia macleodii	Boraginaceae	Leaves	CCl₄	Ethanolic
Arachniodes exillis	Dryopteridaceae	Rhizomes	CCl₄	Ethanolic
Momordica dioica	Cucurbitaceae	Leaves	CCl₄	Ethanolic
Asparagus racemosus	Gentianaceae	Whole plant	D-galactosamine	Ethyl acetate
Casia fistula	Leguminosae	Leaf	CCl₄	Methanolic
Gentina olivieri	Gentianaceae	Aerial part	CCl₄	Ethanolic
Amaranthus spinosus	Amaranthaceae	Whole plant	CCl₄	Petrolium ether
Casia occidentalis	Caesalpiniaceae	Leaves	Paracetamol and Ethanol	Hydro alcoholic
Luffa echinata	cucurbitaceae	Fruits	CCl₄	Petroleum ether
Schouwia thebica	Arecaceae	Aerial part	CCl₄	Diethyl ether
Arisaema leschenaultii	Araceae	Tuber	Paracetamol	Ethanolic

Cassia roxburghii

Cassia roxburghii seeds of Cassia roxburghii DC had been used in eth-nomedicine for various liver disorders for its hepato-protective activity. The methanolic extract of Cassia roxburghii reversed the toxicity produced by ethanol-CCl4 combination in dose dependent manner in rats. The extract at the doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg are comparable to the effect produced by Liv-52, a well established plants-based hepato-protective for-mulation against hepatotoxins ³²

CONCLUSION:

Present generate is fast moving generation, everyone wants to move faster and faster, due to this tendency several health issue is arises. Liver disease is one of the fast occurring problems with young generation. Due to the consumption of fast food, oily and unhygienic, material are the responsible for the development of liver disease. Now a day’s people are habited to alcohol drinking, which is one of the main cause of liver damage, un educated people are more prone to the liver disease as they include alcohol in their daily drink, and they are more susceptible to the hepatitis disease due to repeated use of syringe. There is several allopathic medicines to treat the liver disease but they bring other complication with them and cause other side effect too. To overcome this unwanted side effects we have to use the herbal medicine derived from the plant origin, as they are more effective and poses little or no side effect. The herbs are the tremendous source of natural chemical entity, so the researchers have to come forward and look upon the opportunity and work on it. Especially on the liver because it is the one of the most important organ of the body.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

I am very thankful to my family for their support and encouragement; I am also thankfull of my guide Mr. Narendra Kumar Prajapati and Director Dr. Balakrishna Dubey. And a special thanks to my dear friends Jyoti sahu, Lokesh Sahu, Monika Bhairam, Vivek Tiwari for their cooperation and having trust on me during the work of my review.

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Received on 10.02.2012

Modified on 05.03.2012

Accepted on 18.03.2012

Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 4(2): March-April 2012, 104-111